(2020), the distribution of ancestral subclades like of I-CTS10228 among contemporary carriers indicates a rapid expansion from Southeastern Poland, is mainly related to the Slavs and their medieval migration, and the "largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans".

WebCroatians were palace guards to the Caliphs of Moslem Spain in 1000 - 1200 A.D. and palace guards to the kings of France. Technically, the law is clear on this. [10][13][14], From the haplogroup E (9.8%-10.6%) among Croats the most frequent is subclade E1b1b1a1b-V13 (6.7%), while E1b1b1a3-M149 and E1b1b1c-M123 were also found in small numbers (1.1%). According to Admixture and PCA it revealed "that the analyzed individuals are slightly shifted from the Anatolia Neolithic cluster in the direction of Western European hunter-gatherers, similar to other Middle to Late Neolithic European farmers before the arrival of [Western] steppe ancestry", as on average had approximately 91% Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) and 9% Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG)-related ancestry, being very distant from modern Croats.

This fact can testify for their common origin". [66] The 2022 autosomal STR marker study on 2877 unrelated individuals from mainland (cities Zagreb, Pazin, Delnice, Zabok and Donji Miholjac, and region of Baranja) and insular (Krk, Cres, three North Dalmatian islands Ugljan-Paman-Dugi Otok, Bra, Hvar, Korula and Vis) subpopulations found higher genetic differentiation (0.005) compared to Southeastern Europe (0.002) indicating "a certain degree of genetic isolation, most likely due to the influence of endogamy within rural island populations". It was caused by the Slavic expansion, a small population which expanded into regions of "low population density beginning in the sixth century" and that it is "highly coincident with the modern distribution of Slavic languages". [15] Constantine the VII's work was particularly researched by the 17th century historian Ivan Lui,[15][21] who concluded that the Croats came from White Croatia on the other side of the Carpathian mountains, in "Sarmatia" ("Poland", placing them in Eastern Galicia[22]), with which historians today mostly agree upon. Also, Croatians and Bosnians look so different from any Persian out there, so I don't know Europeans could descend from Persians. (2015), PC1vsPC2 plot based on whole genome SNP data per Kushniarevich et al. . " ", "Craniofacial Characteristics of Croatian and Syrian Populations", "Craniometric relationships of medieval Central European populations: Implications for Croat ethnogenesis", "Kraniometrijska analiza srednjovjekovnih nalazita sredinje Europe: Novi dokazi o ekspanziji hrvatskih populacija tijekom 10. do 13. stoljea", Anthropological material from Zelenche, an ancient Rus period burial ground, "Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78", "Croatian national reference Y-STR haplotype database", "The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations", "The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry across Europe", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Veze srednjoazijskih prostora s hrvatskim srednjovjekovljem", "Avari: osvrt na njihovu etnogenezu i povijest", "Hrvatska etnogeneza: pregled komponentnih etapa i interpretacija (s naglaskom na euroazijske/nomadske sadraje)", Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates", "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe", "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", "Frequencies of mtDNA Haplogroups in Southeastern Europe-Croatians, Bosnians and Herzegovinians, Serbians, Macedonians and Macedonian Romani", "Cultural inter-population differences do not reflect biological distances: an example of interdisciplinary analysis of populations from Eastern Adriatic coast", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats&oldid=1146072974, Articles with failed verification from June 2021, Articles with disputed statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 16:31. [52] Ten years later, Al. [18] It should be taken into serious consideration whether the origin of the early Croatian tribes can be regarded also as the origin of Croatian nation, and can only be asserted that the Croats as are known today as a nation became only when Croatian tribes arrived and assimilated other populations in the territory of present-day Croatia. [15] Similarly Henry Hoyle Howorth asserted that the White Croats were a Bulgar warrior caste to whom was given land in the Western Balkans due to expulsion of the Pannonian Avars following the revolt of Kubrat against the Avar Khaganate. Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. Some 170 years later, the necktie became a universal fashion. [56], Haplogroup T is third or fourth most frequent haplogroup (10% in 2020[54]). WebThe descendants of Kroat (Croatan) Indians still live in the USA. Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress.

[95][96][97], Historians and archaeologists until now concluded that Avars never lived in Dalmatia proper (including Lika) yet somewhere in Pannonia,[98][99] there is lack of authentic early Avar archaeological findings within Croatia which doesn't support thesis about elite warriors, the Croatian ethnonym is recorded on the territory of Avar Khaganate several centuries after its end,[100] and that Turkic ethnic component in Croatian ethnogenesis was negligible,[101] while the late migration theory since 1970s is criticized and rejected by mainstream scholarship because is misinterpreting archaeological data which shows 7th century Slavic-Croatian migration and settlement, there wasn't any detectable new foreign group in the 9th century neither its and Croats are mentioned in detailed Frankish sources, Frankish military equipment doesn't indicate arrival of a new ethnic group neither was found on the territory of Obotrites in Vojvodina. [25] However, in the first and second Yugoslavia, the Pan-Slavic (pure-Slavic) theory was particularly emphasized because of the political context and was the only officially accepted theory by the regime,[26][27][28] while other theories which attributed non-Slavic origin and components were ignored and not accepted,[27][28] and even their supporters, because of also political reasons, were persecuted (Milan ufflay, Kerubin egvi, Ivo Pilar). WebThe data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia . Claire Dubrey actress (father was from Dalmatia) Jenna Elfman television and movie actress (of partial Croatian descent; niece of Tony Butala) Judah Friedlander actor and comedian (mother of Croatian descent) Mira Furlan television and film actress. Croatian Galleons were in regular trade with Spain, Portugal, France, England, Itlay, and the Ottoman Turks prior to the discovery of America. [60] Omeljan Pritsak considered early Croats a clan of Alan-Iranian origin which during the "Avarian pax" had frontiersman-merchant social role,[61] while R. Katii considered that there's not enough evidence that the non-Slavic Croats ruled as an elite class over Slavs who were under the rule of Avars. The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. (2014), Principal component (PC) analysis of the variation of autosomal SNPs in Western Balkan populations in Eurasian context per Kovaevi et al. [43], In the table below is cited the most extensive study (2012) until now on the population in Croatia. It would be worthwhile to add that the Croatian national flag is derived from the chessboard, thus some nationalist historians consider Croatians the descendants of Bozorgmehr, the chess master and minister of the Sassanid era. South Slavs (Bosnians, Croatians, Slovenes, Serbians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Bulgarians) It has to be noted that this classification is based mainly on the similarities of the language. [13] These two haplogroups (R1a and R1b) are connected to Proto-Indo-Europeans migration from the Eurasian area some 5,000 years ago,[21] with R1a particularly to Slavic population's migration. [24] The ideas by Raki were furtherly developed by historian Ferdo ii in his seminal work History of the Croats in the Age of the Croat Rulers (1925). [13] E-V13 it's typical of the populations of south-eastern Europe, peaking among Kosovo Albanians (44%), and is also high among the Macedonians, Greeks, Romanians, Bulgarians and Serbs. [15] There's no doubt that Croatian language belongs to the Slavic languages, but they considered that Slavs were autochthonous in Illyricum and their ancestors were old Illyrians. An additional significant migration happened from Bosnia and Herzegovina, an expansion which was influenced by the Ottoman Empire's conquest since the 15th century, as well by Croatian immigration prior and post World Wars I and II and Croatian War of Independence. Iranians are Indo-European, but not slavic. However, the archaeological and other historic evidence on the migration of the Slavic settlers, the character of the native population on the present-day territory of Croatia, and their mutual relationship show diverse historical and cultural influences. (2014), Admixture analysis on the resolution level of 6 assumed ancestral populations per Kushniarevich et al. Croats are descendants of the Serbs and the genetic match of both peoples is nearly identical, with the difference that Serbs are the older of the two peoples and therefore, practically created the Croatian nation, Before its news reported. [127] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archaeological sites) were hills and mountains. Croats are descendants of the Serbs and the genetic match of both peoples is nearly identical, with the difference that Serbs are the older of the two peoples and therefore, practically created the Croatian nation, Before its news reported. [2] The 2021 study included 38 Neolithic (4200 BCE) samples from Potoani in Eastern Croatia and belonged to H, H4a1, H5b, H7, H13b1, H26, H42, HV, J1, K1a1, K1a3a, K1a4a1, K1b1b1, N1a1a1, N1a1a1a2, N1a1a1a3, T1a2, T2b, T2b23, T2f, U2, U5b1d1 and X2b, "suggesting that the Potoani victims belonged to a large community with a diverse pool of female lineages". [17][18] It is divided in two major subdivisions - subclade I2 (37.7%), typical for the populations of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and I1 (5.8%), typical for the populations of Scandinavia. Unusually for European populations, another central Asian-Siberian haplogroup P (i.e. [88], Recently the "constructionist" theory was advanced by Lujo Margeti, Denis Alimov and Francesco Borri.

The regional influences are embraced instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect. [1] Preliminary results from 2016 mtDNA study, which will approximately include 30 samples from Neolithic and 5 samples from Early to Late Bronze Age, on 5 ancient Croatian petrous bones (3 Neolithic Cardial Impresso from Zemunica Cave near Bisko, 1 Middle Neolithic Danilo culture from Zidana Cave near Staniii umberaki, 1 Mid/Late Bronze Age from Jazinka Cave near Neven) indicated mtDNA haplogroups K2 and K1b1a, H1e/H41, H1b for Neolithic samples similar to Early European Farmers (EEFs) and modern Sardinians and Southern Europeans, while haplogroup HV or H4 for Bronze Age sample similar to modern day Croatian and Balkan population, but without clear evidence for connection with the Indo-European migration. [1] Haplogroup F which is almost absent (only 0.2-0.4% in the mainland), but peaks at 8.3% in Hvar. Croats in Kosovo are descendants from traders and miners from Dubrovnik and Bosnia and Herzegovina who moved there in the 14th century. . [19], The Slavic theory, also known as Pan-Slavic theory, about the idea that the Slavs came to Illyricum from Poland is of old origin at least since the 12th century. ", "Na marginama novijih studija o etimologiji imena Hrvat", "O etnogenezi Hrvata u ranom srednjem vijeku", "Ideja o iranskom podrijetlu traje preko dvjesto godina", "Two Public Inscriptions from the Greek Colony of Tanais at the Mouth of the Don River on the Sea of Azov", "Razvoj i osnovne znaajke starohrvatskih grobalja horizonta 7.-9. stoljea na povijesnim prostorima Hrvata", " : ", " ? Jakobson, Tadeusz Sulimirski, and Oleg Trubachyov European populations, another central Asian-Siberian haplogroup P ( i.e historical. Whole genome SNP data per Kushniarevich et al 77 ], in the table below is cited most! 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During the Avar expansion into the Balkans peninsula, the Croats moved into what is Croatia today. [75][76] As arguments for his thesis he considered the Tatar-Bashkir derivation of Croatian ethnonym;[75] that Croats and Avars are almost always mentioned together;[75] distribution of Avarian type of settlements where the Croatian ethnonym was as toponym, pagus Crouuati in Carinthia and Kraubath in Styria;[75] this settlements had Avarian names with suffix *-iki (-itji);[75] the commander of those settlements was Avarian Ban which name is located in the center of those settlements, Faning/Banie < Baniki in Carinthia, and Fahnsdorf < Bansdorf in Styria;[75] the Avarian officers titles, besides Mong.-Turk. [12] This is documented in chapter 30 and 31 of Constantine VII's work. WebThe data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests that the Croats mostly are descendants of the Slavs from medieval migration period, according to mtDNA have genetic diversity which fits within a broader European maternal genetic landscape, and overall have a uniformity with other South Slavs from the territory of former Yugoslavia . [10] In Bosnian Croats the frequency was the same as among the Croats from Croatia (8.9%). By the time the Croats appear in historical documents, they are a Slavic nation. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world. [83][84][85] He noted the difference between infantry-agricultural (Slavic) and cavalry-nomadic (Avar) tradition, but did not negate that sometimes the situation was exactly the opposite, and often sources did not differentiate Slavs and Avars.

[40] In the 2015 analysis, they formed a western South Slavic cluster with the Bosnians and Slovenians in comparison to eastern cluster formed by Macedonians and Bulgarians with Serbians in the middle.
[56] In 2017 study the greatest outlier due to isolation, endogamy and lowest reported gene diversity index was Susak. Big difference.

[15] Similarly, Thomas the Archdeacon in his work Historia Salonitana mentions that seven or eight tribes of nobles, which he called "Lingones", arrived from Poland and settled in Croatia under Totila's leadership. [63] The 2014 IBD analysis comparison of Western Balkan and Middle Eastern populations also found negligible gene flow between 16th and 19th century during the Islamization of the Balkans. [89] The assertion about the boundary is only partly true because although the Croats were mentioned on the line of Khaganate they were mostly outside and not inside the boundaries. [2], In 2019 were autosomally analyzed three 5th century individuals with artificial cranial deformation from Osijek, probably of Hunnic or Germanic origin. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. Hope that makes sense. [77], The theory was further developed by Walter Pohl. [57] Haplogroup N1a in Cres (9.24%) is the northernmost finding till now of this branch in Europe, and haplotypes indicate a relatively recent founder effect. [59] The thesis was subsequently supported by Francis Dvornik, George Vernadsky, Roman Jakobson, Tadeusz Sulimirski, and Oleg Trubachyov. WebMany of the Serbs in Croatia are descendants of people who migrated to the border areas of the Holy Roman Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest of Serbia and Bosnia. [12][15] Their frequency show northsouth gradiation and an opposite frequency distribution to the haplogroup I-P37.2,[21] and the highest frequency is observed in the northern, central and eastern Croatia. Iranians are Indo-European, but not slavic. (2019) and Fthi et al. [112] According to the 2015 NASU study, medieval burial grounds in Zelenche of Ternopil Oblast and in Halych region in Western Ukraine have "anthropological peculiarities" because of which are different from the near sites of Early Slavic tribes of Volhynians, Tivertsi and Drevlians, and closest "to several distant [medieval] populations of the part of the Western and Southern Slavs (Czechs, Lusatian Slavs, Moravians, and the Croatians). Q) was found in unusually high frequencies due to founder effect in the islands of Hvar (7.69-14%), Lastovo (8.3%) and Korula (6%). [35] It was found in the skeletal remains with artifacts, indicating elite of Hungarian conquerors of the Carpathian Basin from the 9th-10th century, part of Western Eurasian-Slavic component of the Hungarians. The regional influences are embraced instead of being resisted, with little dabs of Croatian class added to great effect. Jay Grdina pornographic film actor. [62], Another interpretation was given by the scholar Jevgenij Paenko; he considered that the Croats were a heterogeneous group of people belonging to the Chernyakhov culture, a poly-ethnic cultural mlange of mostly Slavs and Sarmatians, but also Goths, Getae and Dacians. [13][16] It is around average in the cities of Pula (31.31%) and Osijek (27.6-40.91%),[13][16] some southern Mljet (33.3%), Lastovo (33.3%) and middle Adriatic islands of Paman (37.2%) and Pag (36.4%). [14][15][16], Haplogroup I among Croats from Croatia is around 43.5%,[14] while in okci, a subgroup of Croats from eastern Croatia, is between 44% and 50% of the same haplogroup. [10][15][16], The region of modern-day Croatia was part of a wider Balkan region which may have served as one of several refugia during the LGM, a source region for the recolonization of Europe during the post-glacial period and Holocene (10,000 years ago).

WebThe Croatoan Indians were a tribal group of Carolina Algonquians who probably inhabited both present-day Hatteras and Ocrac oke Islands at the time of the arrival of the English explorers and colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1580s.

[38] This scenario can only be explained with the possible distortion of the cultural and ethnic identity of the native Romanized population that happened after the fall of West Roman Empire, and that the new Slavic language and culture was seen as a prestigious idiom they had to, or wanted to accept. It is considered that this identification of Croats with Goths is based on a local Croatian Trpimirovi dynastic myth from the 11th century, paralleling Hungarian rpd dynasty's myth of originating from the Hunnic leader Attila. There are many ethnic and linguistic sub-divisions within these groups, that are very complex. Even the given names list has expanded to include borrowed names from all over the world.