Hoover and his wife lived in Palo Alto until her death in 1944, at which point Hoover began to live permanently at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York City. ", Polsky, Andrew J., and Olesya Tkacheva. ", "An American Friendship: Herbert Hoover and Poland", https://mininghalloffame.org/inductee/hoover-0, https://mininghalloffame.org/inductee/hoover, http://www.mininghalloffame.com.au/hall-of-fame/inductee.php?id=46, "USA:n entinen presidentti Herbert Hoover vastaanottaa tohtorinmiekan ja vihitään kunniatohtoriksi", "The Gold Standard and the Great Depression", "Black Disaffection From the Republican Party During the Presidency of Herbert Hoover, 1928–1932", "The Forgotten Repatriation of Persons of Mexican Ancestry and Lessons for the War on Terror", "Hoover and the Historians: the Resurrection of a President", "Gifford Pinchot and the Politics of Hunger, 1932–1933", "The Radio Act of 1927: progressive ideology, epistemology, and praxis", "Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an 'Associative State', 1921–1928", 'Herbert C. Hoover and Poland: 1919–1933. [205], According to Leuchtenburg, Hoover was "the last American president to take office with no conspicuous need to pay attention to the rest of the world". [137], Hoover's detractors wondered why he did not do anything to reapportion congress after the 1920 United States Census which saw an increase in urban and immigrant populations. [142] He appointed a Cabinet consisting largely of wealthy, business-oriented conservatives,[143] including Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon. [226], Hoover departed from Washington in March 1933, bitter at his election loss and continuing unpopularity. [83] Throughout the Paris Peace Conference, Hoover served as a close adviser to President Wilson, and he largely shared Wilson's goals of establishing the League of Nations, settling borders on the basis of self-determination, and refraining from inflicting a harsh punishment on the defeated Central Powers. Though he had risen to prominence as a geologist and mine operator, Hoover focused much of his attention on raising money, restructuring corporate organizations, and financing new ventures. Herbert Clark Hoover (10. elokuuta 1874 – 20. lokakuuta 1964) oli yhdysvaltalainen poliitikko, joka edusti Yhdysvaltain republikaanista puoluetta. Hoover's attempts at regulating radio were not supported by all congressmen, and he received much opposition from the Senate and from radio station owners. HH = Herbert Hoover Suchen Sie nach einer allgemeinen Definition von HH? What does herbert hoover mean? [188], Hoover seldom mentioned civil rights while he was president. Herbert Hoover headed a relief effort where thousands of African Americans were rounded up at gun point and used as forced labor. He was influential in the development of radio and air travel and led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Definition of hoover verb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. A year after he became President, the Great Depression began and people blamed … [133], Hoover maintained polling leads throughout the 1928 campaign, and he decisively defeated Smith on election day, taking 58 percent of the popular vote and 444 of the 531 electoral votes. Scholars were sent to Europe to collect pamphlets, society publications, government documents, newspapers, posters, proclamations, and other ephemeral materials related to the war and the revolutions that followed it. Alkuvaiheet. [234] He expressed dismay at the persecution of Jews in Germany and believed that Hitler was mad, but did not present a threat to the U.S. The second solution was to gain the reputation of a humanitarian, deeply concerned with the world's troubles, such as famine in Belgium, as well as specific American problems which he had solved as food commissioner during the world war. [162] Despite the widespread unpopularity of the bill, Hoover felt that he could not reject the main legislative accomplishment of the Republican-controlled 71st Congress. In large part due to his leadership during the flood crisis, by 1928, Hoover had begun to overshadow President Coolidge himself. [151] The causes of the Great Depression remain a matter of debate,[152] but Hoover viewed a lack of confidence in the financial system as the fundamental economic problem facing the nation. Definition of herbert hoover in the Definitions.net dictionary. [195] With the goal of opening up more jobs for U.S. citizens, Secretary of Labor William N. Doak began a campaign to prosecute illegal immigrants in the United States. [247] He stated in one report that "there is the illusion that the New Germany left after the annexations can be reduced to a 'pastoral state.' He publicly warned that Chinese workers were inefficient and racially inferior. Hoover was especially eager to promote Hollywood films overseas. [48]:102–108[50], In his spare time, Hoover wrote. He also agreed to manage a separate mine in the Altai Mountains that, according to Hoover, "developed probably the greatest and richest single body of ore known in the world". 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"Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive? [180] The RFC saved numerous businesses from failure, but it failed to stimulate commercial lending as much as Hoover had hoped, partly because it was run by conservative bankers unwilling to make riskier loans. Like most other citizens of West Branch, Jesse and Hulda were Quakers. Die Definition von hoover in Wordow Wörterbuch ist als: Staubsauger Hoover Hoover bezeichnet: eine Stadt im US-Bundesstaat Alabama, Hoover (Alabama) ein ehemaliges Unternehmen für Reinigungsgeräte, siehe Hoover (Unternehmen) ein Seehund, der mehrere englische Wörter ähnlich einem Papagei sprechen konnte, siehe Hoover (Seehund) Hoover … Bitte scrollen Sie nach unten und klicken Sie, um jeden von ihnen zu sehen. [273] Biographer Kenneth Whyte writes that, "the question of where Hoover belongs in the American political tradition remains a loaded one to this day. /ˌhɜːrbərt ˈhuːvər/ (1874-1964) the 31st US President (1929-33) and a member of the Republican Party. [76] Under the broad powers granted by the Food and Fuel Control Act, the Food Administration supervised food production throughout the United States, and the administration made use of its authority to buy, import, store, and sell food. [132] In the South, Hoover and the national party pursued a "lily-white" strategy, removing black Republicans from leadership positions in an attempt to curry favor with white Southerners. Although disaster response did not fall under the duties of the Commerce Department, the governors of six states along the Mississippi River specifically asked President Coolidge to appoint Hoover to coordinate the response to the flood. [224] In the electoral vote, Hoover lost 59–472, carrying six states. [73] Earning the appellation of "food czar", Hoover recruited a volunteer force of hundreds of thousands of women and deployed propaganda in movie theaters, schools, and churches. [58] After 1916, the Hoovers began living in the United States, maintaining homes in Palo Alto, California and Washington, D.C.[59], World War I broke out in August 1914, pitting the Allied Powers (France, Russia, the British Empire, Belgium, and other countries) against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and other countries). Myers, William Starr; Walter H. Newton, eds. In his nine major radio addresses Hoover primarily defended his administration and his philosophy of government, urging voters to hold to the "foundations of experience" and reject the notion that government interventionism could save the country from the Depression. [113], With the goal of encouraging wise business investments, Hoover made the Commerce Department a clearinghouse of information. He viewed the Soviet Union to be as morally repugnant as Nazi Germany and supported the efforts of Richard Nixon and others to expose Communists in the United States.[253]. [252] Hoover favored the United Nations in principle, but he opposed granting membership to the Soviet Union and other Communist states. [81] The United States Food Administration became the American Relief Administration (ARA), and Hoover was charged with providing food to Central and Eastern Europe. [230], Only 58 when he left office, Hoover held out hope for another term as president throughout the 1930s. [120] He did so with the cooperation of African-American leader Robert Russa Moton, who was promised unprecedented influence once Hoover became president. The American State Department wanted no such crisis and compromised the issue in 1926. [278] A medicine ball game known as Hooverball is named for Hoover; it was invented by White House physician Admiral Joel T. Boone to help Hoover keep fit while serving as president. [160], Hoover had taken office hoping to raise agricultural tariffs in order to help farmers reeling from the farm crisis of the 1920s, but his attempt to raise agricultural tariffs became connected with a bill that broadly raised tariffs. [228] During the 1930s, Hoover increasingly self-identified as a conservative. [264] [102], Hoover demanded, and received, authority to coordinate economic affairs throughout the government. Advertizing Wikipedia - see also. [169] Hoover viewed the weak European economy as a major cause of economic troubles in the United States. [171] The Hoover Moratorium was warmly received in Europe and the United States, but Germany remained on the brink of defaulting on its loans. [203] As public opinion increasingly turned against Prohibition, more and more people flouted the law, and a grassroots movement began working in earnest for Prohibition's repeal. [245], Following World War II, Hoover befriended President Harry S. Truman despite their ideological differences. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and decisively defeated the Democratic candidate, Al Smith. "[248] On Hoover's initiative, a school meals program in the American and British occupation zones of Germany was begun on April 14, 1947; the program served 3,500,000 children. Despite Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover's expressed opposition to broadcast advertising, radio went commercial on Hoover's watch. Hoover became increasingly conservative in this time, and he strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and New Deal domestic agenda. Hoover and other London-based American businessmen established a committee to organize the return of the roughly 100,000 Americans stranded in Europe. "[265] Two months earlier, on August 10, Hoover reached the age of 90, only the second U.S. president (after John Adams) to do so. Before serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the third U.S. Secretary of Commerce. [153] He sought to avoid direct federal intervention, believing that the best way to bolster the economy was through the strengthening of businesses such as banks and railroads. citation needed This action outraged the African American community and denounced Herbert Hoover's forced labor policy. [221], Hoover originally planned to make only one or two major speeches, and to leave the rest of the campaigning to proxies, as sitting presidents had traditionally done. "Herbert Hoover and the Historians—Recent Developments: A Review Essay", Jansky Jr, C. M. "The contribution of Herbert Hoover to broadcasting. [206] As president, Hoover largely made good on his pledge made prior to assuming office not to interfere in Latin America's internal affairs. President Hoover is to the Republicans As President Roosevelt(FDR) is to Democrats. [208], Hoover placed a priority on disarmament, which he hoped would allow the United States to shift money from the military to domestic needs. [80], World War I came to an end in November 1918, but Europe continued to face a critical food situation; Hoover estimated that as many as 400 million people faced the possibility of starvation. Überprüfen Sie die Übersetzungen von 'Herbert C. Hoover' ins Irisch. [280] His wife was inducted into the hall in 1990. Hoover became famous for his direction of relief work in Europe after World War I. Hoover's chief objective was to address the growing casualty toll of traffic accidents, but the scope of the conferences grew and soon embraced motor vehicle standards, rules of the road, and urban traffic control. Washington police attempted to disperse the demonstrators, but they were outnumbered and unsuccessful. [199], Despite his politics, Hoover was never a teetotaler. [163] Canada, France, and other nations retaliated by raising tariffs, resulting in a contraction of international trade and a worsening of the economy. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. [231] In the general election, Hoover delivered numerous well-publicized speeches on behalf of Landon, but Landon was defeated by Roosevelt. MacArthur, believing he was fighting a Communist revolution, chose to clear out the camp with military force. Because automotive trade associations were the best organized, many of the positions taken by the conferences reflected their interests. [1] Hoover's mother, Hulda Randall Minthorn, was raised in Norwich, Ontario, Canada, before moving to Iowa in 1859. [211] The treaty represented the first time that the naval powers had agreed to cap their tonnage of auxiliary vessels, as previous agreements had only affected capital ships. [218] Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the fourth ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith. [67] He also convinced British Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George to allow individuals to send money to the people of Belgium, thereby lessening workload of the CRB. Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover's farm policy favored better equipment and farming products, more electricity, and … Herbert Clark Hoover (* 10. [100] His experience mobilizing the war-time economy convinced him that the federal government could promote efficiency by eliminating waste, increasing production, encouraging the adoption of data-based practices, investing in infrastructure, and conserving natural resources. [104], Between 1923 and 1929, the number of families with radios grew from 300,000 to 10 million,[105] and Hoover's tenure as Secretary of Commerce heavily influenced radio use in the United States. By then Hoover had solved his image problem, and during his 1928 campaign he successfully squelched attacks that alleged he was too close to British interests. definition - Herbert Hoover. "[82] Reflecting the gratitude of many Europeans, in July 1922, Soviet author Maxim Gorky told Hoover that "your help will enter history as a unique, gigantic achievement, worthy of the greatest glory, which will long remain in the memory of millions of Russians whom you have saved from death". He initially sought to avoid committing to any party in the 1920 election, hoping that either of the two major parties would draft him for president at their respective national convention. [173], By mid-1931, the unemployment rate had reached 15 percent, giving rise to growing fears that the country was experiencing a depression far worse than recent economic downturns. [223], Hoover's attempts to vindicate his administration fell on deaf ears, as much of the public blamed his administration for the depression. George H. Nash, "The Great Enigma and the Great Engineer," in John E. Haynes, ed., Phillips Payson O'Brien, "Herbert Hoover, Anglo–American Relations and Republican Party Politics in the 1920s.". [110], As Commerce Secretary, Hoover hosted national conferences on street traffic collectively known as the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. Oktober 1964 in New York City) war der 31. Hoover, Herbert Clark Herbert Hoover. [193] Many black voters switched to the Democratic Party in the 1932 election, and African Americans would later become an important part of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition. There were three solutions, all of which he tried in close collaboration with the media, which greatly admired him. [209] Hoover and Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson focused on extending the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, which sought to prevent a naval arms race. [165], By the end of 1930, the national unemployment rate had reached 11.9 percent, but it was not yet clear to most Americans that the economic downturn would be worse than the Depression of 1920–21. [156] In the days following Black Tuesday, Hoover gathered business and labor leaders, asking them to avoid wage cuts and work stoppages while the country faced what he believed would be a short recession similar to the Depression of 1920–21. Hoover was appointed as the committee's chair and, with the assent of Congress and the executive branch, took charge of the distribution of relief to Americans in Europe. [44], He co-founded the Zinc Corporation to extract zinc near the Australian city of Broken Hill. [204] In January 1933, a constitutional amendment repealing the Eighteenth Amendment was approved by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification. [11] The Minthorn household was considered cultured and educational, and imparted a strong work ethic. The Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, built in 1919 in Stanford, California, is now the official residence of the president of Stanford University, and a National Historic Landmark. [174] A reserved man with a fear of public speaking, Hoover allowed his opponents in the Democratic Party to define him as cold, incompetent, reactionary, and out-of-touch. He also feared that allowing individuals on the "dole" would permanently weaken the country. In 1949, New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey offered Hoover the Senate seat vacated by Robert F. Wagner. Hoover sent U.S. Army forces led by General Douglas MacArthur to the protests. [35] He became deeply interested in Chinese history, but quickly gave up on learning the language. [158] In early 1930, Hoover acquired from Congress an additional $100 million to continue the Federal Farm Board lending and purchasing policies. In 1930, he released the Clark Memorandum, a rejection of the Roosevelt Corollary and a move towards non-interventionism in Latin America. [198] According to legal professor Kevin R. Johnson, the repatriation campaign meets the modern legal standards of ethnic cleansing, as it involved the forced removal of a racial minority by government actors. [266], Hoover was honored with a state funeral in which he lay in state in the United States Capitol rotunda. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. [63] With the cooperation of the Wilson administration and the CNSA, a Belgian relief organization, Hoover established the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB). [189][page needed] Hoover appointed more African Americans to federal positions than Harding and Coolidge had combined, but many African-American leaders condemned various aspects of the Hoover administration, including Hoover's unwillingness to push for a federal anti-lynching law. Before serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the third U.S. Secretary of Commerce. [147] This optimism concealed several threats to sustained U.S. economic growth, including a persistent farm crisis, a saturation of consumer goods like automobiles, and growing income inequality. Contemporaries described Hoover's approach as a "third alternative" between "unrestrained capitalism" and socialism, which was becoming increasingly popular in Europe. [21] He worked in various low-level mining jobs in the Sierra Nevada mountain range until he convinced prominent mining engineer Louis Janin to hire him. [172] As the worldwide economy worsened, democratic governments fell; in Germany, Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler assumed power. [123] Coolidge was unwilling to anoint Hoover as his successor; on one occasion he remarked that, "for six years that man has given me unsolicited advice—all of it bad". [215] The incident proved embarrassing for the Hoover administration, and destroyed any remaining chance he had of winning re-election. [236] He rejected Roosevelt's offers to help coordinate relief in Europe,[237] but, with the help of old friends from the CRB, helped establish the Commission for Polish Relief. (1936). In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. [129] The Democrats nominated New York governor Al Smith, who became the first Catholic major party nominee for president. In the early and mid-1920s, Hoover's radio conferences played a key role in the organization, development, and regulation of radio broadcasting. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 1934-1936". It cannot be done unless we exterminate or move 25,000,000 people out of it. [251] Hoover's public work helped to rehabilitate his reputation, as did his use of self-deprecating humor; he occasionally remarked that "I am the only person of distinction who's ever had a depression named after him. [89], In 1919, Hoover established the Hoover War Collection at Stanford University. [40] He specialized in rejuvenating troubled mining operations, taking a share of the profits in exchange for his technical and financial expertise. [21] He served as student manager of both the baseball and football teams, and helped organize the inaugural Big Game versus the University of California. [127] Hoover won the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1928 Republican National Convention. [79] As head of the Food Administration, Hoover gained a following in the United States, especially among progressives who saw in Hoover an expert administrator and symbol of efficiency. Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa. [30] Hoover brought in many Italian immigrants to cut costs and counter the labour movement of the Australian miners. After leaving office, Hoover enjoyed one of the longest retirements of any former president, and he authored numerous works in subsequent decades. [62], The German invasion of Belgium in August 1914 set off a food crisis in Belgium, which relied heavily on food imports. [33] They would remain married until Lou Henry's death in 1944. Though he managed somewhat to rehabilitate his legacy, Hoover is still widely regarded as an inadequate U.S. president, and most polls of historians and political scientists rank him in the bottom third overall. 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