In the first phase, a rainfall intensity of 17.5 mm/h was adopted to ensure that the slope will not produce immediate runoff and erosion. Rainfall infiltration leads to a significant increase in Therefore, the slip face of expansive soils is shallow, as Figure 1. The area’s high rainfall increases the potential for erosion and nutrient leaching from the soil. You mean, what took 500 years to form, is lost in just one heavy rain? The continuous supply of the AR water vapor has considerable hydrologic e ects by causing precipitation of a very long duration [14]. Fertiliser nitrogen that enters and leaves the system in the same form does not contribute to soil acidification, for example, potassium nitrate. Greater duration and intensity of rainstorm means greater potential for soil erosion. (iii) Give any four soil forming processes (iv) State four causes of soil degeneration 4. a)i) Define the term soil ii) Name three components of soils b)i) Apart from living organisms state four other factors that influence soil formation ii) Explain how living organisms influence soil formation c) i) Distinguish between soil air and soil texture The kinetic energy of the falling drop deter­mines the force of blow that must be absorbed at each point of impact, while the horizontal area of the drop determines the amount of soil that must sustain that blow. The physical loss of soil by erosion is influenced by a range of factors including rainfall and irrigation, wind, temperature, soil type, cultivation disturbance and topography. business incentives for farmers. carbonic acid. The weathering of this superficial formation leads to a granular soil with little cohesiveness. Black soils occur in regions with a distinct dry season. Dust plumes from the deserts or dry areas can cause large and widespread air pollution as the winds move. In general, it is the sea level; however, for individual plots or areas h represents the eleva­tion difference between the original position and the foot of the slope. The total energy of rain drops has been calculated as being equal to roughly 100 HP on an acre during rainfall of 0.25 cm/hr and 250 HP at 5.0 cm/hr. 15 Serious Effects of Plastic Bags Causing Environmental Pollution, 15+ Breathtaking Facts About Acid Rain That Will Stir Your Curiosity, Sources and Effects of Groundwater Pollution. Zoospores can attach to roots, germinate, and infect the plant … Also, the silt up can support plant life that can, in turn, cause cracks and weaken the structures. Soil erosion from surface water runoff often causes serious damage to roads and tracks, especially if stabilizing techniques are not used. Accumulated sediments can also cause clogging of water ways and raises the water level leading to flooding. of soil formation. Part of the challenge ahead, she said, lies in demonstrating the value and feasibility of soil-friendly practices to agricultural producers. 2017/2018. The adverse effect of moisture Mulching in maize to conserve soil moisture Prolonged dry spell on rice crop. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a substance by virtue of its motion and is proportional to the product of the moving mass and half of the square of the velocity of the mass, i.e. When rainfall occurs at a rate that exceeds the soil’s infiltration capacity, runoff moves downslope or ponds on the surface of level land. Soil erosion is a natural process which has increasingly been exacerbated by human activities such as agriculture and deforestation. A 2.5 mm drop starting from zero velocity will reach a velocity of 2.96 m/sec, 3.98 m/sec, 5.19 m/sec, and 7.41 m/sec, in falls of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m and 20 m or more respectively (Table 2.1). High intensity rains are associated with larger drop diameter. University of Delhi . The physical loss of soil by erosion is influenced by a range of factors including rainfall and irrigation, wind, temperature, soil type, cultivation disturbance and topography. The raindrops disperse the soil, which is then washed away into the nearby streams and rivers. Also, the compacting action of falling raindrop causes direct reduction in the infiltration rate. Sheet erosion, in general, is the result of kinetic energy associated with rain drop impact and runoff. Trees and vegetation cover help to hold the soil particles together thereby reduces the erosive effects of erosion caused by rainfall and flooding. If residue is not left on the soil surface, erosion by water is a severe problem on sloping soils. A combination of sloping land and high rainfall will lead to soil damage, run-off and erosion. Soil acidification is a natural process that can either be accelerated by certain plants and human activities or slowed down by careful management practices. Heavy rain events reduce slope stability by rapidly raising the water table (or groundwater elevation) and by enhancing water drainage through the soil to lower layers. Poor soils reduce smallholders’ yields and income. In this view, soil erosion has severely threatened the productivity of fertile cropping areas as they are continually degraded. When she is not writing, she loves watching sci-fi movies on Netflix. We know that the mechanical energy is manifested in two forms: kinetic and potential. Course. When a rain drop strikes bare soil, especially pulverized soil, the force of impact dislodges fine particles, thus making muddy water. These include slash-and-burn agriculture, continuous mono-cropping and poor nutrient management. (And Which Foods to Avoid), Can Squirrels Eat Raisins? The study showed that the magnitude of observed recharge events is better related to heavy rainfalls in the basin exceeding a threshold of 10 mm/day, than to that of all daily rainfall events. layers, anchor the soil to bedrock and form buttresses against soil movement. In the study of unsaturated soil slope stability under rainfall infiltration, it is worth continuing to explore how much rainfall infiltrates into the slope in a rain process, and the amount of rainfall infiltrating into slope is the important factor influencing the stability. Soil pH can be managed by measures such as applying the proper amount of , limingnitrogen fertilizer, and When the rivers and streams are full of soil deposits due to sedimentation and the valley levels up with the surface, the water ways begin to wash away the soils at the banks. The continuous transition of soil from a certain place in natural way is called soil erosion. 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