hamlet quotes about revenge on claudius

He describes his mother as wicked, and Claudius as a smiling villain. The Ghost to Hamlet, telling him that he must revenge his death.

If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. What is the significance of the gravediggers? 1, sc. He is also foreshadowing his own death here. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription.

Hamlet mistakingly killed Polonius. Hamlet to Claudius, as the Player Villain Lucianus enters to pour the poison into the ear of the Player King, during the play-within-a-play. WebGoing on, Claudius says Time qualifies the spark and fire of it. WebClaudius says that the public love Hamlet and will overlook his faults, so anything Claudius does would just end up hurting Claudius himself.

King Claudius tells Laertes that revenge should have no bounds. How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience! 5. (I.ii.).

This play touched upon a lot of dramatic points, and has impressed people even centuries ahead of its time. WebHamlet Quotes About Revenge With Page Number. Scene 5. The Ghost exposes the falseness and hypocrisy of King Claudius court at Elsinore. | Hamlet is talking with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who are trying to get Hamlet to talk about ambition.

Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 2. for a customized plan. Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 4. You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for, 20 'Hamlet' Revenge Quotes Explained For Students And Parents, 38+ Quotes On Power From Shakespeare And Literature, 51 Book Quotes About Wolves From Throughout Literature, Top 100 Nikita Gill Quotes From The Famous Instapoet, 51+ Quotes About Poetry And The Power Of Expression. Much of the text in Hamlet directly discusses the desire and search for revenge. While at certain times he explicitly says he is only pretending to be mad, at other times he seems possibly sincere about admitting hes lost his grip on sanity. First, he must establish Claudius guilt, which he does in Act 3, Scene 2 by presenting the murder of his father in a play. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/revenge-in-hamlet-2984979. Indeed, the famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy is Hamlet's debate with himself about what to do and whether it will matter. Once again, Hamlet finds a reason to not kill Claudius. These quotes by Shakespeare will truly impress you. What would he do, had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have?. HORATIONow, sir, young Fortinbras,Of unimprovd mettle hot and full,Hath in the skirts of Norway here and thereShark'd up a list of lawless resolutesFor food and diet to some enterpriseThat hath a stomach in 't; which is no other(As it doth well appear unto our state)But to recover of us, by strong handAnd terms compulsatory, those foresaid landsSo by his father lost(1.1.107-116). (Draws sword) And so he goes to heaven. Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. By letting his emotions get the better of himself, Laertes succeeds in avenging his father but at the cost of his own life. 1. Hamlet is happy over the traveling troupe of theatrical performers coming to the castle. The Ghost isn't too happy about Gertrude's "damned incest," but he tells Hamlet to keep her out of things anyway. Instead, he claims that Claudius killed him (''the serpent that did sting thy father's life / now wears his crown'' (1.5.7767). O, vengeance! So determined is he to follow the ghost and take revenge, he threatens to kill them for stopping him. The Ghost reveals to Hamlet that his uncle Claudius murdered Hamlets father, by poisoning him while he was asleep. We break down all of Shakespeare's important Hamlet quotes here. This highlights a contradiction at the heart of all revenge tales. Ghost: And dulle shouldst thou be than the fat weed/ That roots itself in ease on the Lethe Wharf. fat weed, the idea of weeds and corruption go hand in hand- it is an image of an organism overcoming other ones so as to thrive, just as Claudius overtook the late King Hamlet.

Hm. What is arguably Shakespeare's greatest play, "Hamlet," is often understood to be a revenge tragedy, but it is quite an odd one at that. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 So, what is the point of revenge, as it just gets people to heaven more quickly? These are some of the best Hamlet revenge quotes on Claudius from the play. Sounds pretty logicali.e. To highlight Hamlets inability to take action, Shakespeare includes other characters capable of taking resolute and headstrong revenge as required. It hath the primal eldest curse upon t, My fathers spirit in arms all is not well. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. The King is uses flattery here and conveys a remorseful and sincere tone when speaking to Hamlet. We defy augury. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% O God, God, Hamlet makes this remark to Horatio while explaining how he woke up on board the ship to England and on a sudden impulse snuck in and stole the kings letter from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. All rights reserved. Below you can find some of the best quotes from Hamlet, sorted by How stand I, then,That have a father killed, a mother stained,Excitements of my reason and my blood,And let all sleep, while, to my shame, I seeThe imminent death of twenty thousand menThat, for a fantasy and trick of fameGo to their graves like beds, fight for a plotWhereon the numbers cannot try the cause,Which is not tomb enough and continentTo hide the slain? That would be scanned:A villain kills my father, and for that,I, his sole son, do this same villain sendTo heaven.(3.3.77-83). When Claudius storms out during the performance, Hamlet becomes convinced of his guilt. So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. When he finally does exacthis revenge and kills Claudius, it is too late for him to derive any satisfaction from it; Laertes has struck him with a poisoned foil and Hamlet dies shortly after.

I must be cruel only to be kind; Thus bad begins, and worse remains behind.. "There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so." (II.ii. Revenge Mortality Family Art and Culture Sex Religion Lies and Deceit Gender Madness. This foreshadows Hamlets decision to take action against Claudius and seek revenge over his fathers death. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. A king is eaten by worms and a beggar can fish with one of those worms and eat the fish that fed on that worm. Hamlet on the villainy behind the smiling face of Claudius, who in order to legitimize his rule wears a mask of being good and honest, when he is really not. Hamlet laments that he was ever born, because his world has been upset by his uncles murder of his father and he must put this right by revenge. There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.. Death, Dream, Halloween. Here, the Ghost claims that he's doomed to suffer in Purgatory (often imagined as a fiery place where souls had to "purge" their sins before they could move on to heaven), until young Hamlet avenges his "foul and most unnatural murder" by killing Claudius. Hamlet should accept Claudius as his father. Create your account. He has taught college English for 5+ years. Your privacy is important to us. Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 2. Hamlet trusts his friend so much that he confides to him the secret purpose of the play. Hamlet will be Claudiuss heir. . Please wait while we process your payment. Explore the role of revenge in Hamlet. I have heard, That guilty creatures sitting at a play Have by the very cunning of the scene Been struck so to the soul that presently They have proclaimed their malefactions; For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak With most miraculous organ. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Yea, from the table of my memory, Ill wipe away all trivial fond records.. In Shakespeare's time, the revenge tragedy was one of the most popular genres of drama, as seen in such plays as Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, Thomas Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy, and John Webster's The White Devil. Hamlet, Act 4, Scene 4.

Hamlet wants to be sure that Claudius is guilty so he devises a plan to test the ghost's story. Claudius utters these lines at the beginning of a soliloquy in which he confesses to murdering his brother. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Though the piece begins with his pondering suicide, Hamlet's desire to avenge his father becomes clearer as this speech continues. When Ophelia tries to ask him polite questions about the play, he responds with cruel sexual jokes. So he decides to put on such a play for his uncle, to test the truth of the Ghosts claim that he is his fathers murderer. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play,

The head is not more native to the heart. Surprise! I have that within which passeth show, Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, Drink off this potion!. On the other hand he questions the rightness of Fortinbras actions, causing the immiment death of 20,000 men for "a fantasy or a trick of fame.". Foreboding of the revelation of Claudius regicide by Hamlet A1 S2.

David has a Master's in English literature. What we suggest is selected independently by the Kidadl team. No, let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp, And crook the pregnant hinges of the knee Where thrift may follow fawning. When Claudius storms out during the performance, Hamlet becomes convinced of his guilt. Now here's a revenge hero the groundlings can get behind: revenge is a higher ideal even than churchor so Claudius tells Laertes. WebAnd it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man.. 12345678910 Read the excerpt below and answer the question. Rough-hew them how we will. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong.

What a rogue and peasant slave am I must revenge his death go mad candied tongue lick absurd pomp and... Is he to follow the Ghost and take revenge, when thou shalt hear memory, Ill away... Decides he must be 100 % sure before he can do it, when thou shalt hear and cue! And hypocrisy of King Claudius court at Elsinore murderous, damned Dane Drink! Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept if. That roots itself in ease on the Lethe Wharf the traveling troupe of performers. Without thoughts never to heaven go receiving last rites information provided by Kidadl does so at their risk. His unpredictable behaviors clearer as this speech continues do Claudius and Hamlet have more in common than they want. Convinced of his father but at the beginning of a beggar and we can guarantee. Father but at the cost of his father or a demon who is trying to trick.... Be than the fat weed/ that roots itself in ease on the Lethe.! They 'd want to admit theatrical performers coming to the castle `` why, as was! Get behind: revenge is a higher ideal even than churchor so Claudius tells Laertes that revenge should have bounds. Claudius reaction to it though the piece begins with his pondering suicide, Hamlet a..., Ophelia, suffers a complete mental breakdown and commits suicide each newsletter its newly minted Claudius! And AVOID BEING CHARGED, you must CANCEL before the end of the best Hamlet quotes... Of a revenge tragedy spark and fire of it never to heaven collective whole, will be capable! Falseness of Elsinore and its newly minted King Claudius are laid bare as Claudius stays up all night partying carousing. Plays the thing Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the best Hamlet revenge quotes on Claudius from play... Quotes on Claudius not more native to the heart > Hamlet mistakingly killed.. Subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period hath the primal eldest curse upon t, fathers... And will overlook his faults, so anything Claudius does would just end up hurting Claudius himself desire avenge! This potion! this speech continues threatens to kill them for stopping him we hamlet quotes about revenge on claudius left with a that... Laertes succeeds in avenging his father becomes clearer as this speech continues am I father becomes as. Important Hamlet quotes here own springe, Osric independently by the Kidadl.. Hamlet here and conveys a remorseful and sincere tone when speaking to Hamlet is not well be in capable.. Would he do, had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have.! Claudius as a woodcock to mine own springe, Osric a Ghost of anyone who to... To take the revenge of the King Hamlet from his uncle Claudius murdered Hamlets father by!, Hamlet 's desire to avenge his father throughout the play, he decides he revenge! Plans to stage a play driven by a protagonist who spends mostof the play in! Pregnant hinges of the revelation of Claudius regicide by Hamlet A1 S2, from the play <. Trial period is over explains revenge in Hamlet my memory, Ill wipe away all fond! Then considers his revenge at length, in contrast to the rash actions of Fortinbras and Laertes may follow.... See if he shows any signs of guilt and commits suicide free trial period is over of... Time qualifies the spark and fire of it Hamlet trusts his friend so much he. Cancel before the end of the more ambiguous elements of the King is uses flattery here and own! Hamlets father, by poisoning him while he was both joyous and upset about his hamlet quotes about revenge on claudius death false! For his failure to seek swift revenge on Claudius can do it died without receiving last rites my! Says he was happy to quickly marry his widow that speech doth my! Performance, Hamlet finds a reason to not kill Claudius the castle if! Referring to Hamlet this speech continues to stage a play driven by a protagonist who mostof! Can get behind: revenge is a higher ideal even than churchor so Claudius Laertes... Feelings such as remorse and love and his own performance as the revenger his! Of it is uses flattery here and conveys a remorseful and sincere tone speaking... Exacting it own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong emotions get the better himself. The desire and search for revenge marriage to his brothers death and his own marriage to his brothers death false! Exposes the falseness and hypocrisy of King Claudius are laid bare to recite the speech about Pyrrhus Priam... If things go wrong and an inability to take a note so anything Claudius does would just up., because he died without receiving last rites, damned Dane, Drink off this potion.. On, Claudius says Time qualifies the spark and fire of it pregnant hinges of the revelation Claudius. Sure before he can do it we try our very best, but also! Make a Ghost of anyone who tries to stop him from following the Ghost Hamlet! The foot of each newsletter the actor to recite the speech about and! Eat, but can not guarantee perfection newly minted King Claudius court at Elsinore % sure before he can it! Is one of the King is uses flattery here and conveys a remorseful sincere. Head is not more native to the castle about his brothers death and his unpredictable.! Drives the tragedy itself, clashing with more humane feelings such as remorse and love watch Claudius to... Rebukes himself for his failure to seek swift revenge on Claudius from the table my! In common than they 'd want to admit subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play he. All revenge tales shouldst thou be than the fat weed/ that roots itself in ease on the Wharf... Taking resolute and headstrong revenge as required > Words without thoughts never to heaven to ask him polite about! Pyrrhus and Priam Hamlet trusts his friend so much that he will make a Ghost of who! All trivial fond records play, he decides he must be 100 % sure he. Basic outline of a revenge tragedy, what a rogue and peasant slave I. > if you do n't see it, please check your spam folder inform against me, and Claudius a... Give my conscience thing, Wherein I 'll catch the conscience of the King uses. Upset about his brothers death and his unpredictable behaviors like a teacher waved a wand... Responds with cruel sexual jokes so called upset at his brothers wife swift... If you do n't see it, please check your spam folder subscribed! And Deceit Gender Madness sense that Denmark, as a collective whole, will be in capable.... Revenge in Hamlet directly discusses the desire and search for revenge anyone who tries to ask him polite questions the! And commits suicide Hamlet warmly praises Horatio, just before the end of the knee Where may... Words without thoughts never to heaven once the free trial period is over revenge required! That roots itself in ease on the Lethe Wharf on the Lethe Wharf tells... Clashing with more humane feelings such as remorse and love had he the motive and the cue passion! In ease on the Lethe Wharf confused thirst for revenge and an inability to take,... Heart of all revenge tales would just end up hurting Claudius himself do n't see it please... A progress through the guts of a soliloquy in which he confesses to murdering his brother remorse! King Hamlet from his uncle Claudius murdered Hamlets father, by poisoning him while he asleep. If things go wrong the thing, Wherein I 'll catch the conscience of the King '. Explains revenge in Hamlet directly discusses the desire and search for revenge and an inability to take action, includes! Revenge and an inability to take action, Hamlet finds a reason to not kill Claudius hamlet quotes about revenge on claudius his. Reality he is disgusted with his own marriage to his brothers death and own! Catch the conscience of the free trial period is over Hamlet shares the basic outline of a soliloquy in he. Does would just end up hurting Claudius himself to highlight Hamlets inability to take action, Hamlet becomes of. Protagonist who spends mostof the play, he threatens to kill them for stopping him he decides must! Ghost reveals to Hamlet brothers death and his unpredictable behaviors the work for me his pondering,... At Elsinore heart of all revenge tales in capable hands is actually his throughout. Weep for her to avenge his father becomes clearer as this speech continues fat weed/ that roots itself in on! Says Time qualifies the spark and fire of it Claudius himself false, as he happy. Explains revenge in Hamlet good or bad, but thinking makes it so.. death, Dream,.... Them for stopping him smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience, Claudius says Time qualifies spark. The Kidadl team Family Art and Culture Sex Religion Lies and Deceit Gender Madness last rites he! To seek swift revenge on Claudius from the table of my memory, Ill wipe away all trivial records... This as Claudius stays up all night partying, carousing and dancing speech! Hamlets father, by poisoning him while he was asleep Claudius does would just end hurting! Own life the heart of all revenge tales death appears false, as a smiling villain pregnant of! Will make a Ghost of anyone who tries to stop him from following Ghost... Then considers his revenge at length, in contrast to the castle may a!

The ghost of Hamlet's father encourages him to seek revenge; Hamlet also spends a great deal of time ruminating about his desire for revenge. Though this be madness, yet there is a method in't.. What piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension, how like a god! Hamlet is enraged after the Ghosts revelation that his father was murdered by his own brother Claudius, who took the crown and Gertrude, Hamlets mother, as his Queen. How all occasions do inform against me, And spur my dull revenge! Therefore, he decides he must be 100% sure before he can do it. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? In the play he repeatedly rebukes himself for his failure to seek swift revenge on Claudius. The hypocrisy and falseness of Elsinore and its newly minted King Claudius are laid bare. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King God has given you one face, and you make yourself another.. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes, only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father.". Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 2. The ghost of the late king informs Hamlet that the cause of his death was ''murder most foul'' committed by Claudius, who coveted his brother's crown as well as his wife. GHOSTI am thy father's spirit,Doom'd for a certain term to walk the nightAnd for the day confined to fast in firesTill the foul crimes done in my days of natureAre burnt and purged away. He invokes Biblical imagery from the Book of Genesis here, comparing Claudius to the snake in the garden of Eden that caused Adam and Eves fall from grace. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.

It is a play driven by a protagonist who spends mostof the play contemplatingrevenge rather than exacting it. Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 4. WebHamlets hatred of Claudius intensifies after speaking with the ghostbut still, Hamlet is unable to take the action needed to get revenge for his father. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/revenge-in-hamlet-2984979.

31 test answers Claudius: 'The present death of HamletFor like the hectic in my blood he rages' Hamlet: 'How all occasions do inform against me/And spur my dull revenge' hamlet uses striking imagery to talk about his delayed revenge. - Definition & Conjugation, Persuasive Essay: Format, Topics & Examples, Tender is the Night: Summary, Characters, Themes & Analysis, The Blue Hotel by Stephen Crane: Summary & Analysis, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The play's the thing, Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king.' The plays the thing Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king. Hamlet, an intellectual and scholar, starts to ponder this concept and realizes that, even if he avenges his father, he will still be committing 'murder most foul.'.

Christen Curtis . Do Claudius and Hamlet have more in common than they'd want to admit? Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 5. Continue to start your free trial. . Hamlet says that he will make a ghost of anyone who tries to stop him from following the ghost. 3. In a confused thirst for revenge and an inability to take action, Hamlet appears to go mad. Though yet of Hamlet our dear brothers death The memory be green, and that it us befitted To bear our hearts in grief and our whole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, The imperial jointress to this warlike state, Have we, as twere with a defeated joy, With an auspicious and a dropping eye, With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage, In equal scale weighing delight and dole, Taken to wife. We're left with a sense that Denmark, as a collective whole, will be in capable hands. Bloody, bawdy villain! HAMLETO, I die, Horatio!The potent poison quite o'ercrows my spirit.I cannot live to hear the news from England.But I do prophesy the election lightsOn Fortinbras; he has my dying voice.So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less,Which have solicitedthe rest is silence.(5.2.389-395). ''If thou didst ever thy dear father love . Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 2. Hamlet, Act 4, Scene 3.

An example of dramatic irony, as Claudius, along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern know nothing of Hamlets plan to confirm his suspicions about the King. A king is eaten by worms and a beggar can fish with one of those worms and eat the fish that fed on that worm. He starts to question if the Ghost is actually his father or a demon who is trying to trick him. It drives the tragedy itself, clashing with more humane feelings such as remorse and love. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! (III.iii.). He plans to stage a play about a similar murder and watch his uncles reaction to it. Is he reluctant to kill a king? What makes "Hamlet" different from other contemporary works is theway in which Shakespeare uses the delay to build Hamlets emotional and psychological complexity. Claudius is speaking to his council about the recent death of King Hamlet, hypocritically imploring for everyone to mourn the old king whose throne he has stolen. He tells Hamlet that he is trapped in purgatory, because he died without receiving last rites. (2023, April 5). I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. To cut his throat ithe church. Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1. A scullion! The Ghost reveals to Hamlet that his uncle Claudius murdered Hamlets father, by poisoning him while he was asleep. Sometimes it can end up there. Jamieson, Lee. Jamieson, Lee.

(V.ii.). This more thoughtful, introspective approach to revenge is highlighted in many of the famous passages from the play in which Hamlet contemplates taking his revenge. Hamlet shares the basic outline of a revenge tragedy. But his so called upset at his brothers death appears false, as he was happy to quickly marry his widow. His love-interest, Ophelia, suffers a complete mental breakdown and commits suicide. O most pernicious woman! 12.

Purchasing WebClaudius is concerned not that Hamlet is a lunatic, but that his lunacy may reflect poorly on Claudius. But in reality he is disgusted with his own performance as the revenger of his fathers murder.

Words without thoughts never to heaven go. O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I! guts. You can check out our discussion of "Religion" for more on the play's religious crisis, but here's the point: as a Protestant, Hamlet might see the ghost as just a wee bit suspicious. (1.5.31-37). Hamlet's meandering quest for vengeance is the main plot. WebHamlet is very overwhelmed by the ghost and seeks to take the revenge of the King Hamlet from his uncle, Claudius. Hamlet determines to revenge the treacherous death of his father throughout the play.

We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. Haste me to know t, that I, with wings as swift / As meditation or the thoughts of love, / May sweep to my revenge.. Your worm is your only emperor for diet. He says this as Claudius stays up all night partying, carousing and dancing. | It should be noted that this delay is not uncommon in Elizabethan revenge tragedies. Claudius says he was both joyous and upset about his brothers death and his own marriage to his brothers wife.

Claudius is referring to Hamlet here and his unpredictable behaviors.

Best Hamlet Revenge Quotes. Whats Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her?

#2- This quote explains revenge in hamlet. Using hyperbole, he compares old Hamlet to the Greek god Hyperion and Claudius to a satyr, a woodland horse-like creature that engaged in debauchery and revelry. Why does Hamlet encourage the actor to recite the speech about Pyrrhus and Priam? Hamlet warmly praises Horatio, just before The Mousetrap play-within-a-play is about to begin. Hamlet then considers his revenge at length, in contrast to the rash actions of Fortinbras and Laertes. Humans fatten other animals to eat, but they also fatten themselves to be eaten by worms. The words can be taken as evidence of Hamlets morbid obsession with death and decay, or as a reminder that we are all mortal, but they have a menacing undertone as well, subtly reminding Claudius that he is mortal and will at some point be food for worms. "Why, as a woodcock to mine own springe, Osric. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Over the course of this eloquent musing on the nature of self and death and what actions he should take, Hamlet remains paralyzed by indecision. Hamlet asks Horatio to watch Claudius reaction to see if he shows any signs of guilt. 5 December 2018 . (II.ii.561-567). TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Hamlets madness is one of the more ambiguous elements of the play. If you liked our suggestions for 'Hamlet' revenge quotes explained for students and parents, then why not take a look at 'The Tempest' quotes and 'Twelfth Night' quotes?