This plant can be pruned by snipping right above a set of leaves, to keep it more compact. This includes things like putting the animal on intravenous fluid to combat shock, providing respiratory support on a ventilator if they've stopped breathing, and controlling seizures by anaesthetising the animal. When pets consume highly toxic plants it can be fatal even if they only have a very small amount. Healthypet.com: ''Chocolate is dangerous for pets'' and "Flea control products." My apartment started to resemble a home jungle of the kind you find on Pinterest, and my plant children were thriving. Its cardiac glycosides, which often occur as flower and fruit pigments, are very toxic to dogs and can cause fatal heart abnormalities, muscle tremors, incoordination, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Garden writer and blogger, author of 65 gardening books, lecturer and communicator, the Laidback Gardener, Larry Hodgson, passed away in October 2022. Use as a houseplant, container plant, or as a bedding plant in a cottage garden. Ingestion of just a few azalea leaves can irritate your dogs mouth and cause subsequent vomiting and diarrhea. Dogs may be exposed by digging up treated earth, chewing on pellets, or rooting around ant mounds shortly after insecticides are applied. [2] Native to the West Indies and Brazil, the plant is chiefly grown for its coloured foliage. Snuggling up with your doggo or pussycat in bed provides a sense of comfort and security but is it a health or behavioural risk? The plant is mainly grown for its coloured . Alternanthera dentata 'Little Ruby' is a compact form growing to only to 40cm in height and spreading to almost a metre. Chocolate is poisonous to dogs, onions and garlic to cats. In dogs, eating lilies will probably result in a stomach upset. The symptoms a cat or dog experience after eating toxic plants or foods depends on the toxin as well as the pet you have, their age, underlying medical conditions and how much they have consumed. yeah, cass, i have been unable to find a single instance online of poisoning by Aptenia cordifolia in any research paper online. Sign up to our monthly newsletter and see our inspiring animal stories. Aloe Vera. TreatmentAt home, you can treat your cat by washing out its mouth. If untreated, acute kidney or renal failure may occur. It will grow in sun to partial shade but the best leaf color occurs in full sun.. 'Brazilia Red Hots' not only refers to the red hot leaves, but the plant itself loves heat and humidity. Tell your neighbors if you put out rat bait, so they can protect their pets from exposure, and ask them to do the same for you. But there is a big evidence base that support positive-training methods.". Make a lifesaving difference to animals by becoming a foster carer, donating, fundraising, joining an event, volunteering and more. The ASPCA Poison Control Center warns that consumption of any plant material may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs and cats. To check if the plants in your house and yard are safe for your dog, review the Poison Control Centers website. Amaryllis. So in an effort to keep my furry friends safe, I went to several vets and a plant poison author to find out which common house plants are toxic and what to do if you suspect your cat or dog has eaten them. American Veterinary Medical Association: ''A Pet Owners Guide to Poisons.''. "Instead we focus on supportive therapy.". Some rubber tree plants (such as Japanese/Chinese/jade rubber plant and Indian rubber plant) are toxic to cats and dogs. And yes, what is poisonous to humans may not be to other animals. Synonyms: Alternanthera triandra var. It is important to act quickly, but rationally. Palms (most are non toxic with the exception of the fishtail palm. 2: Prescription medications for people. Considered a weed in Australia, lantana is a colourful, extremely toxic plant for cats and dogs. Vomiting, diarrhoea, lack of appetite, stomach pain, depression, difficulty swallowing, kidney damage, kidney failure, multiple organ failure. Be sure any rodenticides you use are kept in metal cabinets or high on shelves where your pets can't find them. On Oct 22, 2005, Badseed from Hillsboro, OH (Zone 6a) wrote: This is a delightful plant in zone 6! Youre not going to give a leaf of an unknown plant to someone and say, Here, eat this and well see how it goes. Norwouldyou want to trya similar experiment on a family pet. Plant inrich, consistently moist, and well-drained soil and this plant will reach 6 to 12 inches high. If you think your pet has ingested a toxic plant, it may be a medical emergency. However, once a plant has been listed as poisonous, it is very unlikely it will ever be dropped from the lists of poisonous plants. Make the plant bushier by pinching back the tips on the young plants with your fingertips. Water the alternanthera plant regularly and do not allow it to dry out. A lot of plants are only toxic if prodigious amounts are eaten, but if so, again, should they really be considered toxic? The ASPCA has an online list of toxic and nontoxic plants by species. Vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, depression, anorexia, tremors, change in urine colour. Asparagus fern, also known as emerald feather and lace fern, is mild to moderate in toxicity. Allergic dermatitis, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Some of the most dangerous dog poisons are foods and medications we take on a daily basis. "And you don't have any houseplants?". Some of the most common and harmful medications that poison dogs include: Dog poison No. It was wonderful. Cactus (there are a few potentially toxic cacti, like the peyote cactus. - 1 ft. 0 in. Instead, much of the evidence is anecdotal. If it's safe to do so, vets may induce vomiting to get out the toxins. This was my first time for alternanthera I have the purple Leaf and it did great during the North Texas summer. Please be sure to check the name of the plant to determine its toxicity. Present study investigates metal accumulation potential, enzymatic and non-enzymatic tolerance responses of a tropical perennial plant Alternanthera dentata grown under multi metal (Cr, Cd, As and Ni) treatment at different concentration i.e. When it comes to handling poisoning in animals, vets generally try to sustain life while the dog or cat deals with the toxin itself. And vice versa. Specific epithet dentata means toothed referring to the toothed leaves. This is a list of common plants that are dangerous to pets. Its many varieties offer choices of foliage that are solid or variegated and in shades of greens, reds, ands purples. Geranium: All varieties of this common container plant are poisonous to dogs. As Dr Parker explains, it's a case of whether your pet is prone to eating plants, where the plant is placed around the home, and whether it's worth the risk. I moved it closer to the patio where it wasn't in the direct heat and it did much better. In fact, one of the experts I spoke to says when it comes to pets, there are no "safe" plants. Unit living can be a "gilded prison" for dogs. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:No serious problems. After all, a lot of people are allergic to shellfish and peanuts, but we dont consider them to be poisonous. Sign up for the Laidback Gardener blog and receive articles in your inbox every morning! Alternanthera dentata 'Brazilian Red Hots' Brazilian Red Hots is a dependable selection of the old-time Joseph's Coat that grows with a mounded habit. "The classic symptoms include seizing or fitting, agitation or tremoring (if it's affecting their nervous system), diarrhoea or vomiting, and drooling (this can be a sign of nausea if it's affecting their gastrointestinal system)," Dr Neck says. We nodded along, eager to bring them home and shower them in cuddles. Remember that dogs can be fatally poisoned by eating an exposed rodent, so always be very cautious about using these products. Are we really sure it really was the plant cited? Plants listed as either non-toxic, or potentially toxic with mild GI upset as their symptoms are not expected to be life-threatening to your pets. And its even more dangerous if you dont know which are toxic and which are safe. Another option is the Pet Poison Hotlineat(855) 764-7661. 8: Insecticides -Items such as bug sprays and ant baits can be easy for your pet to get into and as dangerous for your pet as they are to the insects. All rights reserved. Explained by FAQGuide, Pingback: Backyarding Personality Types Laidback Gardener. Get the latest news and stories from RSPCA NSW, including appeals and media releases, plus find us on social media. Although considered a medicinal plant for humans, aloe vera's level of toxicity is mild to moderate for cats and dogs. These beautiful, tall flowers are paradise for bees and other pollinators but are very dangerous to your pets. are just a few other examples of plants that have both edible parts and poisonous parts. This is because the iris contains several compounds that are toxic to dogs. Your canine companion may look so cute as they sit there begging for a bite of your chocolate cake or a chip covered in guacamole, but not giving them what they want could save their life. And you may think youre doing your dog a favor when you apply products marketed to fight fleas and ticks, but thousands of animals are unintentionally poisoned by these products every year. It is perfectly safe for pets. This may occur from inappropriate storage, failure to read package instructions, or by intentionally using more product than needed. Alternanthera denticulata R.Br. The plant features dark creamy, pompom-like flowers, which bloom in winter and early spring.[4]. "Food, toys, litter trays, litter?" After all, under the circumstances, better safe than sorry isthe wisest attitude to take. "That behaviour often tells us they're bored or there's something else going on.". Your information is being handled in accordance with the, 12 hardy indoor plant species you're unlikely to kill. I have so far only seen mentions of Coleus as toxic to cats and dogs, but it always refers to only one type. Other common toxic plants include, but are not limited to: holly, tulip, oleander, azalea, daffodil, carnations, chrysanthemum, corn plant, dumb cane, jade plant. Theyappearthere because they are related to plants that are known to be poisonous and just might have the same effect. Peonies can cause vomiting, diarrhea and decreased energy when ingested by your dog. Features. The Root of the Behavior. A sort of a typical household, in other words. Make the plant bushier by pinching back . Individual plants may differ in appearance from the photos used on our listings. Alternanthera works well whether you need bold color contrast or a calm filler. Some of the more toxic plants to dogs include: Azaleas and rhododendrons. All parts of the plant are highly toxic to dogs. This may make them very interesting to your dog, who could get very sick. The idea isto reassure parents and pet owners, or people who might occasionally have children over or care for someone elses pets, to choose safe plants to growin their home. Known for his great generosity, his thoroughness and his sense of humor, he reached several generations of amateur and professional gardeners over his 40-year career. Leaves 2-6 cm long, to 8 mm wide, glabrous, margins entire or finely toothed; petiolate. Any plant in the chrysanthemum family is toxic for your dog. Dog poison No. Decreased appetite, drooling, vomiting, diarrhoea, depression, skin irritation. However, poison sites (not experts on plant identification) keep confusing the true coleus with Plectranthus amboinicus, also called Coleus amboinicus, which is indeed toxic to pets. It grows from 1 to 3feet tall and18 inches wide with amounding habit. If your dog eats irises, they may salivate, vomit, drool, have diarrhea or lose energy. I could not find any mention of the Alternanthera ficoidea being toxic in any way both to dogs or cats. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. These pretty flowering plants contain toxins that may cause vomiting, diarrhea, coma, and potentially even death.. Asian, Day, Easter, Glory, Japanese Show, Peace, Red, Rubrum, Stargazer, Tiger and Wood lilies are all toxic to cats. Remember: a small delay can be tragic. Other common toxic plants include, but are not limited to: holly, tulip, oleander, azalea, daffodil, carnations, chrysanthemum, corn plant, dumb cane, jade plant. Eating this part can cause significant oral irritation, excessive drooling and nausea. Also, a plant can be inedible without being poisonous. Or, err on the safe side and give treats made specifically for animals. When your dog eats something dangerous, like poisonous plants, its a terrifying situation. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. Thriving in humid conditions and has heat tolerance, the plant does best in well drained soil under a full sun to partial shade, with somewhat shaded frost-free location in the garden. Printable Lists of Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants. 4: Chocolate.Though not harmful to people,chocolateproducts contain substances called methylxanthines that can causevomitingin small doses, and death if ingested in larger quantities. Family: Fagaceae. al-ter-NAN-ther-a den-TAY-ta Description Joseph's coat is a tropical perennial typically grown as an annual in the Amaranthaceae (buckwheat) family native to the West Indies and South America. Explained by FAQGuide, Backyarding Personality Types Laidback Gardener, (Nearly) 200 Poisonous Houseplants Laidback Gardener, Preparing your Kitty Salad Bar | Chirpy Cats. If you have a cat, you will want to keep begonias well out of your pets reach because they are toxic to cats. And it doesnt always take a large dose to do major damage. This stimulates new growth along the sides of the stems and looks more lush than just one main stem. All rights reserved.The ASPCA is a 501(c)(3) non-for-profit organization. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours). This group contains acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen and naproxen (Advil, Aleve), as well as herbal and nutraceutical products. Asian, Day, Easter, Glory, Japanese Show, Peace, Red, Rubrum, Stargazer, Tiger and Wood lilies are all toxic to cats. ;'' ''Top 10 Human Medications That Poison Our Pets;'' ''People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets;'' ''17 Common Poisonous Plants;'' "The Scoop on Avocado and Your Pets;"and ''What To Do If Your Pet Is Poisoned.'' A number of plants are poisonous to pets. Its unhfortunate that the false information about the true coleus is so confused on pet poison websites. Reviewed for accuracy on May14, 2019, by Dr. Hanie Elfenbein, DVM, PhD. This is a poisonous plant for dogs, and if they eat the plant, especially the fruit which comes after flowering, they may die. Here's a hardy dozen plants that can deal with all sorts of adversity and neglect. Please note that the information contained in our plant lists is not meant to be all-inclusive, but rather a compilation of the most frequently encountered plants. Stating that all cacti are nontoxic seems a bit dangerous. For many years I was an avid collector of houseplants. 0, 5, 20 and 50 ppm for 60 d in pot culture with garden soil as control. Incoordination, tremors, drooling, seizures, possible respiratory problems, depression, coma. [2] Native to the West Indies and Brazil, the plant is chiefly grown for its coloured foliage. Alternanthera dentata, known as little ruby and ruby leaf alternanthera,[1] is a fast-growing ornamental groundcover plant in the amaranth family which was first described by Conrad Moench, and got its current name from Stuchlk and Robert Elias Fries. It has thick leaves, a strong scent (often a sign of toxic properties and looks nothing like a coleus, which is scentless. All rights reserved.The ASPCA is a 501(c)(3) non-for-profit organization. Your personal information has never been, and will never be, sold or traded to other charities. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the Little did I (or my friends and colleagues) know that many, many common houseplants and flowers are toxic to cats and dogs. This small palm is often kept as a houseplant, making it more likely that your dog's curiosity will get the best of him. If you suspect that your cat may have ingested part of a lily and is showing signs of lily toxicity, please visit an animal emergency hospital or your local veterinarian immediately. Joseph's coat is a tropical perennial typically grown as an annual in the Amaranthaceae (buckwheat) family native to the West Indies and South America. Common symptoms of mum ingestion include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling and incoordination. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. The most commonly used lawn care products are of fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. It is a generally upright plant that typically forms spreading foliage mounds to 12-30" tall. You don't have to dig them up . Consumption of sago palm is often fatal. The philodendron family, which includes Swiss cheese plant, heartleaf and fiddle-leaf philodendron, have a toxicity level of mild to moderate for cats and dogs. Theyre simply under suspicion. For smaller breeds, just half an ounce of baking chocolate can be fatal, while a larger dog might survive eating 4 ounces to 8 ounces, though 8 ounces would be extremely dangerous. Please call an RSPCA veterinary hospital or your local veterinarian immediately. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day). Euphorbia, a family that includes many species of cacti, are poisonous as well as producing a sap thats an eye and skin irritant. Caster Bean . However, if you have information about other errors on the list from a trustworthy source (based on scientific testing), I will gladly update. Ingestion can cause cardiac failure and even death. Knowing which plants are toxic to dogs can help you avoid bringing them into your home or planting them in your yard if your dog is a grazer. Freshen up your home with our guide to free indoor plants, Yes, you can have a dog in an apartment (if you tick these 5 boxes), What to look for when choosing the right food for your dog, Helping your furry friend feel relaxed (and safe) on their next road trip, 10 mistakes new gardeners make (and how to avoid them). The fleshy fruits of cherries, plums and peachesare edible, yet their leaves and pits contain deadly cyanide. Pets are primarily poisoned by contact with concentrated products. Plant parts can be very bitter or cause stomach upset or diarrhea without necessarily containing any notable levels of toxicity. In general, any flower bulb (the part that is planted underground) is poisonous to dogs, so it is best to only bring the cut flowers into your house. Rice and kale are other examples of common foods that are poisonous if eaten in large quantities. They are also not the only animals to go after sunflower seeds. 9: Plants. We bought some and they already have reached 12 inches after only 3 weeks in the ground and I have no reason to suspect they won't keep growing. It might cause mild discomfort in the intestine if your pet ingests it. 1: Over-the-counter medications. Can you have a dog in an apartment? By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Smoking Pot Every Day Linked to Heart Risks, Artificial Sweetener Linked to Heart Risks, FDA Authorizes First At-Home Test for COVID and Flu, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Poison Protection: Pet-Proofing Your House. [2] Plants of the genus may be known generally as joyweeds, or Joseph's coat. Terms & Conditions / Privacy Policy, 2023American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Problems can occur if dogs accidentally ingest these products or if small dogs receive excessive amounts. Plants listed as either non-toxic, or potentially toxic with mild GI upset as their symptoms are not expected to be life-threatening to your pets. Alternanthera Species: ficoidea Family: Ameranthaceae Life Cycle: Annual Perennial Recommended Propagation Strategy: Seed Stem Cutting Country Or Region Of Origin: Mexico, South America Dimensions: Height: 0 ft. 6 in. These can cause serious illness and even death in some cases. Potato leaves, stems and flowers are poisonous, but humanscan safely eat the tubers. If not, they can anaesthetise the animal and wash out their stomach (gastric lavage). stellarstamps. Test your indoor plant knowledge without killing anything, What you need to know before getting pet insurance, 14 things indoor plant owners should know. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. Mouth and stomach irritation, excessive drooling, foaming at the mouth, swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips, vomiting, diarrhoea. Watering the Alternanthera Plant Joseph's coat and calico plant are native to moist, tropical areas, so it's important to keep their soil evenly moist, never allowing it to dry out completely,. That said, a warning: any plant might cause a reaction in certain sensitive individuals. Finally, plants with thorns and other spines might also cause physical injury. Message and data rates may apply. This includes ensuring your pet has enough stimulation throughout the day and providing other objects they can safely chew on. If you have other examples from trustworthy sources of information, I will gladly make the necessary corrections. Also, a plant can be inedible without being poisonous. The cat could vomit and have difficulty swallowing. In the eyes of the average gardener, its the multicoloured plant with thin leaves and it is harmless to pets. Trips to the nursery were a common weekend activity, and I'd always return home with some kind of gorgeous vine, palm and lily. Depending on how a particular substance affects your dogs body and how much was ingested or inhaled, pet poisoning symptoms can include gastrointestinal and neurological problems, cardiac and respiratory distress, coma, and even death. Asian ponysfoot isn't considered toxic if ingested by either humans or animals, but it can cause skin irritations if touched. Thank you SO MUCH for your fast reply. Products for your lawn and garden may be poisonous to pets that ingest them. Individual plants may differ in appearance from the photos used on our listings. Also, be advised that the consumption of any plant material may cause vomiting and gastrointestinal upset for dogs and cats. You may also be surprised to learn that many plants appearing on lists of toxic plants have never actually poisoned anything or anybody. Vomiting, diarrhoea, liver damage, liver failure, multiple organ failure. [5] The plant can easily be propagated by stem cuttings and would root readily in plain water. Pingback: Is maidenhair vine toxic to cats? Sources: Paula Parker, David Neck and Nicole O'Kane. Lily toxicity is particularly dangerous for cats. If you think your dog has been poisoned, try to stay calm. 'Brazilian Red Hots' is a cultivar of Joseph's coat with striking bright red to hot pink variegated leaves. Someone or something ate the plant and got sick. SymptomsA cat that ingests portions of a begonia will display symptoms such as excessive drooling and signs of extreme irritation around its mouth. If you inadvertently drop a pill on the floor, be sure to look for it immediately. Delta nine tetrahydrocannabinol affects cat and dogs' neurological system. Excellent choice for containers on a patio, in the front of an annual borderor bedding plants in a cottage garden. Thank you! Also, a child or pet can choke on even nontoxic plant parts. As for 100 per cent safe, pet-friendly plants? It grows from 1 to 3 feet tall and 18 inches wide with a mounding habit. Christmas Cactus. Maiden & Betche APNI* Description: Prostrate or decumbent annual; stems glabrous, to 40 cm long, rooting at the nodes. Cannabis poisoning (from plants, leftover matter and edibles) is one of the most common plant poisoning vets see, especially in dogs. When's the right time to say goodbye to your dog? Just as we can be sickened or killed by medications intended to help us, cases of pet poisoning by veterinary drugs are not uncommon. Pets are primarily poisoned by contact with concentrated products. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to If you believe that your animal is ill or may have ingested a poisonous substance, or if you have any further questions regarding the information contained in this database, contact either your local veterinarian or the APCC 24-hour emergency poison hotline at 1-888-426-4435. Then, try to keep your pet calm and call your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at (888) 426-4435. Below is a list of the more common plants and flowers that may be dangerous for your pet: Almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum trees and shrubs. Unit living can be a "gilded prison" for dogs. Please get in touch. Its therefore important to check the safety of any plants before giving your pets access to them. Want to fill your house with greenery but afraid you're cursed with a 'black thumb'? Pet owners should be especially vigilant . and is alike in appearance with Alternanthera bettzickiana, which all have strikingly similar looking cultivars. For a list of list of potentially poisonous houseplants, go to 200 Poisonous Houseplants. "There's rarely such a thing as an antidote they live in the movies," Dr Neck says. What follows is a list of houseplants that are safe for three different species: humans, cats and dogs. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. If your dog has vomited, collect the sample in case your veterinarian needs to see it. Although you can safely give some ''people foods'' to your pet as a treat, others are toxic. Always read the packet instructions before applying products to your lawn or garden. It has vigorous, upright and spreading purple leaves and stems that arch over the edge of containers and are excellent when used as mid-height bedding in a summer border. "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist", Little Ruby Alternanthera dentata LRU30, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alternanthera_dentata&oldid=1115728303, This page was last edited on 12 October 2022, at 22:13. Pet owners should be especially vigilant when using insecticides as these tend to have a higher degree of toxicity. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Purple to burgandy leaves in a linear-lanceolate to ovate shape. The sago palm is an extremely poisonous plant to dogs when ingested, causing bloody vomiting and diarrhea, bleeding disorders, liver failure and death. If you have any questions about what is safe, ask your veterinarian. Sago palms (cycads) are commonly found in tropical and ornamental gardens. denticulata (R.Br.) Some foods, such as onions and garlic, as well as beverages that are perfectly safe for people can be dangerous, and sometimes fatal, for dogs. But just because something is safe for people doesn't mean it wont hurt beloved pets. The following list contains 10 common plants and flowers toxic to cats and dogs. Alternanthera dentata is native to the West Indies and Brazil. The amount of chocolate that could result in death depends on the type of chocolate and the size of the dog. They may be pretty, but plants arent necessarily pet friendly. Experts at the APCC are available to answer questions and provide guidance 24 hours a day for aconsultation fee. Alternanthera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae. Alternanthera dentata 'Brazilian Red Hots' Common Name(s): Joseph's Coat; Phonetic Spelling al-ter-NANTH-ur-uh den-TAY-tuh Description 'Brazilian Red Hots' is a cultivar of Joseph's coat with striking bright red to hot pink variegated leaves. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. But theyre two different plants, no more closely related than tomatoes and deadly nightshade. Chocolate is poisonous to dogs, onions and garlic to cats. The plant I got is indeed (I hope, through looking at photos and checking the German name my friend gave me) the pink-leafed one; It is scentless, and looks very different from the plant mentioned on the poisonous-for-pets lists.