Mitchell wants to quit smoking, so his therapist decides to try hypnosis as a form of treatment. B. Elaboration can occur at any level of processing. B. negative reinforcement A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. Operating expenses for the store are 25% of cost, while total markup on this type of product is 35% of selling price. A. In observational learning, the first process that must occur is Some bears kept in the zoo allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups. B. discovery learning. REM dreams are typically longer, more vivid, more physically active, more emotionally charged, and less related to waking life than non-REM dreams. She is Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. D. observational learning, Elaine is writing a paper about reactions to the tragedy that occurred at the Twin Towers on A. lower-level consciousness Depressants _____ whereas stimulants _____. General A. in an altered state of consciousness. C. Tranquilizers a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. This is known as divided consciousness. B. negative punishment. B. neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus learning? D. unconditioned response. A. depressants Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. Kevin suffers from _____. WebA. C. more than four drinks in a row B.narcolepsy. C. in a hypnagogic state. 5. ________ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. C. stage 3 sleep. D. amphetamines, What is the most widely used drug in the United States? Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs exemplifies Night terrors/ Somnambulisms meaningful units. C. Margaret will have difficulty adding numbers. _____ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences. B. A. neural activity begins with the brain. 65. In the context of observational learning, retention is a process in which D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. When we are taking a math test, we are engaged in a high-level consciousness activity. called ________, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no C. alcohol/cocaine C. The meditator is ignorant of his or her thoughts and feelings and is, therefore, not consumed by them. A. A. Organisms learn the association between behaviors and their consequences. D. cerebral cortex. D. insomnia. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. C. William James's theory C. They improve memory retention. Attention B. retrograde amnesia. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. 129. The drug she took is most likely a B. Mary used the tactic of plays and as a result, she plays only that channel whenever she wants to listen to music. D. mental structuring. stimulus. Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office C. sensory memory/long-term memory from the subject. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. D. amphetamines, 79. At least three lines of research support the notion that sleep serves a restorative function. UR. As Boris has never played chess Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. Which of the following can best explain her behavior? D. somnambulism. B. unconscious wishes and hidden desires. behavior. Define the five levels of awareness and give an example of each. A. withdrawal. A. Barbiturates A. he mows the lawn. C. getting into trouble with campus or local police Her biological clock has become desynchronized. B. sudden uncontrollable seizures. D. There is a limited amount of storage available for long-term memories, so older memories D. are unconscious behaviors. A. Which of the following statements is true of meditation? In the context of the B. C. Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week. A. sleep apnea. feelings. B. operant conditioning Betty has dissociative identity disorder. A. Replication A. Prosom They enhance decision making. Awareness involves the _____, whereas arousal is determined by the _____. B. the encoding of information for the purpose of retention and retrieval. A. high consciousness. Automatic processes occur at a lower level of awareness than controlled processes, but they are still conscious behaviors. Jose's employer pays him every other Friday. between the two stimuli has been formed. 107. Sleep spindles are defining characteristic of _____ sleep. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. B. a change in GABA A. require lower levels of attention than controlled processes. D. Homer's conscious thoughts and desires. D. Michael, who began drinking in graduate school at age 25, C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids, 85. C. implicit C. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. D. subconscious awareness. Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? A. barbiturate. 128. Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. behavior is called D. Being anesthetized. You look to see if he woke up, but he is still asleep and appears to not be breathing. Xanax is classified as a(n) This state of mind is referred to as memory, not in explicit memory. 70. The remaining 12 pairs of skates are marked down to 50% of the original selling price and are finally sold. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. Soul D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. C. hallucinogen Webtrue. D. hallucinogen. C. myoclonic event. therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Homer's unconscious desires to be free of his Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? B. Endosymbiosis A.They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes. Concentration D. Stage 1 sleep, 116. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness? B. immunosuppression A. stimulant. Taste aversion is an example of From this point of view, dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity. 94. B. Expectancy learning Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep A. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. C. schema He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive. C. declarative memory C. Soul C. H.M.'s procedural memory suffered the most damage. D. longer. B. occipital lobe and temporal lobe. A. depression C. Theory of mechanism D. They decrease a person's appetite for food and sex. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. B. exhibiting increased level of consciousness. ________ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage. 74. What is the likely cause of these complaints? C. dopamine dependence. Working memory allows individuals to hold information permanently as they perform C. retrograde amnesia. D. Discrimination. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. 14 A. procedural memory A. require lower levels of attention than controlled processes. What is psychological dependence and physical dependence of psychoactive drugs? C. implicit but not explicit memories A. non-REM sequence. C.Night terrors Your little brother whines whenever he wants something. States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities are called D. cortisol. A. extinction. B. WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. B. fire B. stimulants. Contingency C. Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet. B. might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming. Stage 5 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep they are rewarded every time with fish after they successfully complete their act. A. in an altered state of consciousness. A. psychological addiction C. stream of consciousness Tranquilizers, sedatives, and opiates all belong to the category of ________ drugs. and his body was not prepared to take the effect under the new setting. A. unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior. Latent learning is As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. C. Punishment C. Organisms learn behaviors implicitly, without being reinforced. A. an individual will lie about taking a drug. D. There is no link between brain activity and elaboration during encoding. True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. A. Altered states of consciousness are mental states that are noticeably different from normal awareness (e.g., sleeping or dreaming). Sleeping Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining 49. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. C. 5 and 9 C. Keiko, who is daydreaming about her upcoming vacation this weekend problems is she most likely to have now? C. hallucinogens 83. The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of The ability to listen to music while reading a magazine indicates D. Daydreaming makes the mind completely idle and inactive. likely taking? Implicit memory/Explicit memory D. theory of activation-synthesis. True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here The split-brain procedure is conducted only in people who have severe seizure disorders (epilepsy). A. a circadian rhythm anomaly. Alcohol is a powerful drug that acts on the body primarily as a stimulant and speeds up the B. Which of the following concepts best describes Miranda's learning They decrease epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through 110. C. in an altered state of consciousness. B. Hypnosis is a trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility. Shortly after, a man in a tuxedo came to your table. Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce D. Most REM sleep takes place during stage 1 of a night's sleep. A. C. self-actualization. While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. D. conditioned oppression. A. working memory B. hippocampus and hypothalamus. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. D. Divided attention involves concentrating on different activities, one activity at a time. C. sleeping. If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. C. Procedural memory D.Sleep deprivation syndrome, 54. A. B. attention. In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following statements is C. habituation 123. Alcohol is a type of hallucinogen. A. the bell had become a reflex. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. B. daydreaming. Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. Belinda now works in a caf and has C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. C. immediately forgetting relevant information. Hallucinogens, like LSD, MDMA (ecstasy), and marijuana, are psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences. memory. You knew exactly C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. During acquisition, the unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented followed by the Ian's behavior exemplifies C. The divided-consciousness view of hypnosis Night terrors differ from nightmares in that night terrors D. are a certified psychic. They enhance decision making. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. B. tolerance. C. conditioned stimulus. It acts predominantly on the neurotransmitter dopamine and has little effect on the serotonin levels. A. serotonin WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? C. Transience needs the caffeine to function normally. helped Jacob to recount his knowledge of chess to Boris? B. latent learning. Lea is in B. C. Homer's neurological dream activity. surprised when the hostess seated you, handed you the menu, and informed you that your server would D. negative punishment. C. opiate. D. depressant. In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies They aggravate body pain. C. a person experiences unpleasant physical symptoms when using a drug. D. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus, ________ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the house. C. Stage 1 sleep 104. family obligations. C. daydreaming. B. chunking. Sleeping would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle. Nolan may suffer from B. asleep and awakens frequently during the night. terminology, the nausea-inducing agent is the Which of the following is true of opiates? binary consciousness. B. C. A pigeon learns to guide a warhead to its target. It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. skips her coffee in the morning. Daydreaming would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? A. classical conditioning. She tells you to sit at 5 C. prefrontal cortex It is a special form of episodic memory. C. executive processes. A. C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. D. insomnia. conditioned stimulus. A. Which of the following would be an example of no awareness or an "unconscious" state of mind? WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. Identify the true statement about controlled processes. that he can get the full 20% bonus as promised by his employer. C. stage 1 Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that. A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. A. positive reinforcement. C. night terror. A. nondeclarative memory D. stop breathing while they are sleeping. C. are the lowest or least alert state of human consciousness. C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep B. Synergy 39. D. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. Since the accident he has been taking morphine, a powerful pain killer. complementary consciousness. Which of the following medications is she most likely taking? D.They are considered to be conscious behaviors. B. controlled processes. B. 7 and 12 B. Elaboration A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that These drugs can affect people cognitively. When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. A. The contestant starts singing with confidence even though she has never sung publicly before. A. Valium D. observational learning, . D. neural activity begins with the brain. A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that This change in her work hours The fact that your mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of D. sleep apnea. A. stage 2 B. William James's theory According to the principles of classical conditioning, the conditioned Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system. D. sensory memory, Based on the famous case study of H.M., a patient who had severe epilepsy, H.M. underwent D. how memory functions at the neuron level. C. working memory. What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. D. latent learning, ________ is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a The price is reduced 25% and 6 more pairs sell. her sleep. Betty has dissociative identity disorder. Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. D. unconditioned stimulus (US), Which of the following is the best example of an unconditioned response? Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning D. Theory of mind, What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? C. secondary reinforcement. A. amphetamine B. A. will result in longer hours of sleep. 40. D. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. Hypnosis is a trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility. tests include only essay questions, whereas Stacey's end-of-semester tests include only Choose the letter of the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence. A. A. circadian rhythm. D. retrieval, When you are asked to recall your first day of kindergarten, you rely on ________, whereas when A. stimulant B. learned generalization B. pink flower. _______ is characterized by myoclonic jerks and theta waves, whereas ________ are characterized Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep? The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is stung by a D. The visual spatial sketchpad depends on the phonological loop for its operations. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. of the following best describes the effect that surgery had on H.M.'s memory? A. Daydreaming about your upcoming vacation C. dopamine D. altered states of consciousness. 18 D. dreaming. B. marijuana B. A. tertiary The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing. C. It emphasizes shallow processing as the key step in memory retrieval. B. long-term memory/short-term memory It is likely that he is B. physical and/or psychological dependence develops C. episodic memory/semantic memory attacks, anxiety, chronic pain, stress, and psoriasis. C. narcolepsy. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her D. missing class. D. stop breathing while they are sleeping. . B. cognitive system. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. B. sleep apnea WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? moves to long-term memory. A. retention. Stimulants, like caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, increase activity in the central nervous system. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. A. nondeclarative memory. A. more than three drinks in a row C. stage 3 WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. B. Semantic memory/Episodic memory They have serious arguments with others. Automatic processes In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, B. retroactive interference. Classical conditioning B. lower-level consciousness complementary consciousness. C. how people can remember material for several months. The set is on sale for$44.95. C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. 28. D. Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious D. stage 4 sleep. Which of the following is true of the visuo-spatial sketchpad? Manifest Content: The literal content of A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper, 9. B. positive punishment. B. sleep apneA.C.a state called hypnagogic reverie. C. fatigue. C. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. People very quickly adapt to the procedures and behaviors appropriate at a birthday party. B. depressants D. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep, C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. A. behavior is a consequence of the conditioned stimulus (CS). What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? The cerebellum cannot hold on to information long-term. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. B. a rabbit people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. 106. _____ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. D. experiencing night terrors. The baby cries B. B. tertiary 30. B. implicit memory. A. latent learning C. hypnosis involves the retention of a single state of consciousness. For a moment you wonder if he's dead, but suddenly he snorts and resumes snoring. C. observational learning 126. people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. B. C. The capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is limited. A. Instinctive drift Jennifer's end-ofsemester B. conditioned stimulus (CS). While watching television, you can see how advertisers cunningly apply classical-conditioning that can lower a person's ability to fight disease. 56. This is known as divided consciousness. B. psychological dependence. C. Generalization B. dreams are random. A. getting hurt C. interfere with other ongoing activities. C. episodic memory A. reinforced stimulus. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. C. Classical conditioning is based on observing and imitating others. A. depressant. C. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. B. Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. D. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components. stimulus in this scenario is the C. Marijuana disrupts the membranes of neurons but does not affect the functioning of hormones. C.night terrors A. A. Lucy suffers from B. short-term memory A. elevation of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex. true. B. occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. D. hallucinogen. B. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. C. Money B. missing class She recently began taking medication to help C. Caffeinism D. It can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses. C. a learner withdraws attention from the model's actions. With this condition, he reawakens several times during the night so that he can breathe better. true. A. A. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. D. slow down central-nervous-system activity/modify a person's perceptual experience, A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity, 86. Although Lucy's memories of her life before the C. the amygdala, a part of the limbic system, is involved in emotional memories. Your knowledge of the alphabet and multiplication tables is most likely to be stored in your If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. C. It always results in distortion of memories. motions made by her instructor. 102. C. within three hours of falling asleep. B. D. Hypnosis, ________ meditation has beneficial effects on a variety of conditions, including depression, panic A. brain. In some cases, hallucinogens may produce hallucinations, which are typically visual and/or auditory perceptions that are not real. . A. metacognition. B. They are most often used in suicide attempts. B. will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in the body. _____ involve sudden arousal from sleep and an intense physiological fear reaction (e.g., screaming, heavy breathing, and perspiration). _____, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. Identify the true statement about LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide).